DEFAULT PARAMETERS OF CASMOFOR

CASMOFOR uses parameters that are constant over time, and are insensitive to environmental variability. However, they may depend on species and yield category. "Good" sites include yield classes 1 and 2; "medium" sites include yield classes 3 and 4, and "poor" sites include yield classes 5 and 6.

CASMOFOR was mainly designed to model the evolution of biomass carbon stock changes over time. Biomass is the only pool for which relatively accurate estimates are available from forestry experiments and permanent sample plots. These are incorporated in the yield and silvicultural models. These models include many data by species, yield class (in CASMOFOR, six classes are used) and age, and are not individually reported in this website (for references, click here), but the data can be checked when running the model.

The below table includes default values for all species for which there is also yield and silvicultural information in CASMOFOR. Note that it is possible, before running the software, to both replace default values with user-defined ones for the below species, or to include additional species with their specific values.

Soources: IPCC default values (i.e., the carbon fraction, data on HWP) or expert judgment based on IPCC default values (root-to-shoot ratio); the current Hungarian forest management practice (i.e., parameters related to harvested wood); results of research projects (basic wood density: Somogyi, 2008; the amount of carbon (tC/ha/yr) emitted during soil preparation in afforestations or regeneration, Somogyi et al. 2013); biological necessity (fraction of leaves of living trees (relative to all leaves) that dies at the end of year); reverse modelling to produce carbon stocks by CASMOFOR that were measured in various cased studies; expert judgment based on data from literature (leaf biomass increment, and half life time of decomposition of leaves, roots and dead wood; for the latter, see Rock, J., Badeck, F-W., Harmon, M. E. 2008. Estimating decomposition rate constants for European tree species from literature sources. European Journal of Forest Research 127, 301–313. DOI 10.1007/s10342-008-0206-x).

Parameter				yield category	Robinia pseudo-acacia	Fagus silvatica	Quercus cerris, seed origin	Quercus cerris, coppice origin	Pinus silvestris	Pinus nigra	Populus alba	Salix alba	Carpinus betulus	Quercus robur	Quercus petraea, seed origin	Quercus petraea, coppice origin	Picea abies	Alnus glutinosa	Fraxinus excelsior, seed origin	Betula pendula	Populus x euram-ericana	Quercus rubra	Larix decidua
Carbon fraction (tC/tdm)				good	0.48	0.48	0.48	0.48	0.51	0.51	0.48	0.48	0.48	0.48	0.48	0.48	0.51	0.48	0.48	0.48	0.48	0.48	0.51
				medium	0.48	0.48	0.48	0.48	0.51	0.51	0.48	0.48	0.48	0.48	0.48	0.48	0.51	0.48	0.48	0.48	0.48	0.48	0.51
				poor	0.48	0.48	0.48	0.48	0.51	0.51	0.48	0.48	0.48	0.48	0.48	0.48	0.51	0.48	0.48	0.48	0.48	0.48	0.51
Basic wood density (t dry wood/m3 fresh wood)				good	0.59	0.58	0.64	0.64	0.42	0.47	0.36	0.36	0.58	0.57	0.61	0.61	0.39	0.43	0.56	0.48	0.34	0.61	0.49
				medium	0.59	0.58	0.64	0.64	0.42	0.47	0.36	0.36	0.58	0.57	0.61	0.61	0.39	0.43	0.56	0.48	0.34	0.61	0.49
				poor	0.59	0.58	0.64	0.64	0.42	0.47	0.36	0.36	0.58	0.57	0.61	0.61	0.39	0.43	0.56	0.48	0.34	0.61	0.49
Leaf biomass increment over aboveground woody biomass increment ratio				good	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
				medium	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
				poor	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
Fraction of leaves of living trees (relative to all leaves) that dies at the end of year				good	1	1	1	1	0.15	0.15	1	1	1	1	1	1	0.15	1	1	1	1	1	1
				medium	1	1	1	1	0.15	0.15	1	1	1	1	1	1	0.15	1	1	1	1	1	1
				poor	1	1	1	1	0.15	0.15	1	1	1	1	1	1	0.15	1	1	1	1	1	1
half life time for leaves to decompose (yr)				good	1	2	2	2	2	2	1	1	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	1	1	2	2
				medium	1.25	2.5	2.5	2.5	2.5	2.5	1.25	1.25	2.5	2.5	2.5	2.5	2.5	2.5	2.5	1.25	1.25	2.5	2.5
				poor	1.5	3	3	3	3	3	1.5	1.5	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	1.5	1.5	3	3
Fraction of roots of living trees (relative to root increment) that die by the end of the year				good	0.45	0.45	0.45	0.45	0.45	0.45	0.45	0.45	0.45	0.45	0.45	0.45	0.45	0.45	0.45	0.45	0.45	0.45	0.45
				medium	0.40	0.40	0.40	0.40	0.40	0.40	0.40	0.40	0.40	0.40	0.40	0.40	0.40	0.40	0.40	0.40	0.40	0.40	0.40
				poor	0.35	0.35	0.35	0.35	0.35	0.35	0.35	0.35	0.35	0.35	0.35	0.35	0.35	0.35	0.35	0.35	0.35	0.35	0.35
half life time needed for roots to decompose (yr)				good	7.2	7.2	7.2	7.2	7.2	7.2	7.2	7.2	7.2	7.2	7.2	7.2	7.2	7.2	7.2	7.2	7.2	7.2	7.2
				medium	8.0	8.0	8.0	8.0	8.0	8.0	8.0	8.0	8.0	8.0	8.0	8.0	8.0	8.0	8.0	8.0	8.0	8.0	8.0
				poor	8.8	8.8	8.8	8.8	8.8	8.8	8.8	8.8	8.8	8.8	8.8	8.8	8.8	8.8	8.8	8.8	8.8	8.8	8.8
Belowground (root) biomass over aboveground woody biomass ratio ("root-to-shoot" ratio, dimensionless)				good	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20
				medium	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
				poor	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30
half life time required for the dead wood to decompose (yr)				good	9	9	19	19	9	9	9	9	9	19	19	19	9	9	9	9	9	9	9
				medium	10	10	20	20	10	10	10	10	10	20	20	20	10	10	10	10	10	10	10
				poor	11	11	21	21	11	11	11	11	11	21	21	21	11	11	11	11	11	11	11
fraction of timber of living trees that is utilized (fuelwood+industrial wood) in final harvests				good	0.82	0.82	0.82	0.82	0.82	0.82	0.82	0.82	0.82	0.82	0.82	0.82	0.82	0.82	0.82	0.82	0.82	0.82	0.82
				medium	0.80	0.80	0.80	0.80	0.80	0.80	0.80	0.80	0.80	0.80	0.80	0.80	0.80	0.80	0.80	0.80	0.80	0.80	0.80
				poor	0.78	0.78	0.78	0.78	0.78	0.78	0.78	0.78	0.78	0.78	0.78	0.78	0.78	0.78	0.78	0.78	0.78	0.78	0.78
fraction of fuelwood in utilized wood in final harvest (the rest is timber from which wood products are made)				good	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4
				medium	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5
				poor	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6
fraction of timber lost during the production of wood products (becomes fuelwood)				good	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
				medium	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
				poor	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
Average half life time of sawnwood products (yr)				good	35	35	35	35	35	35	35	35	35	35	35	35	35	35	35	35	35	35	35
				medium	35	35	35	35	35	35	35	35	35	35	35	35	35	35	35	35	35	35	35
				poor	35	35	35	35	35	35	35	35	35	35	35	35	35	35	35	35	35	35	35
fraction of wood products that become fuelwood at the end of their life cycle				good	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8
				medium	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8
				poor	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8
Average half life that is required for the decomposing wood products to decompose				good	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9
				medium	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10
				poor	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11
fraction of dead organic matter that does not decompose, but increases soil organic matter content				good	0.045	0.045	0.045	0.045	0.045	0.045	0.045	0.045	0.045	0.045	0.045	0.045	0.045	0.045	0.045	0.045	0.045	0.045	0.045
				medium	0.045	0.045	0.045	0.045	0.045	0.045	0.045	0.045	0.045	0.045	0.045	0.045	0.045	0.045	0.045	0.045	0.045	0.045	0.045
				poor	0.045	0.045	0.045	0.045	0.045	0.045	0.045	0.045	0.045	0.045	0.045	0.045	0.045	0.045	0.045	0.045	0.045	0.045	0.045
fraction of fuelwood that does not burn, but increases soil organic matter content				good	0.005	0.005	0.005	0.005	0.005	0.005	0.005	0.005	0.005	0.005	0.005	0.005	0.005	0.005	0.005	0.005	0.005	0.005	0.005
				medium	0.005	0.005	0.005	0.005	0.005	0.005	0.005	0.005	0.005	0.005	0.005	0.005	0.005	0.005	0.005	0.005	0.005	0.005	0.005
				poor	0.005	0.005	0.005	0.005	0.005	0.005	0.005	0.005	0.005	0.005	0.005	0.005	0.005	0.005	0.005	0.005	0.005	0.005	0.005
Amount of carbon (tC/ha/yr) emitted during soil preparation (during afforestation or regeneration)				good	2.5	2.5	2.5	2.5	2.5	2.5	2.5	2.5	2.5	2.5	2.5	2.5	2.5	2.5	2.5	2.5	2.5	2.5	2.5
				medium	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0
				poor	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.5
fraction of sawnwood (wood products of the longest life time) relative to total processed wood				good	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4
				medium	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4
				poor	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4
fraction of wood based panels relative to total processed wood				good	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
				medium	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
				poor	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Average half life time of the wood based panels (yr)				good	25	25	25	25	25	25	25	25	25	25	25	25	25	25	25	25	25	25	25
				medium	25	25	25	25	25	25	25	25	25	25	25	25	25	25	25	25	25	25	25
				poor	25	25	25	25	25	25	25	25	25	25	25	25	25	25	25	25	25	25	25
Average half life time of paper products (yr)				good	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2
				medium	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2
				poor	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2

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